Reaction: sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+
For diagram of reaction click here.
Glossary: glycerone phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate = 3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl phosphate
Other name(s): glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]; sn-glycerol-1-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase; G-1-P dehydrogenase; Gro1PDH
Systematic name: sn-glycerol-1-phosphate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase
Comments: This Zn2+-dependent metalloenzyme is responsible for the formation of archaea-specific sn-glycerol-1-phosphate, the first step in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in archaea. It is the enantiomer of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, the form of glycerophosphate found in bacteria and eukaryotes. The other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in archaea are EC 2.5.1.41 (phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase) and EC 2.5.1.42 (geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase), which together alkylate the hydroxy groups of glycerol 1-phosphate to give unsaturated archaetidic acid, which is acted upon by EC 2.7.7.67 (CDP-archaeol synthase) to form CDP-unsaturated archaeol. The final step in the pathway involves the addition of L-serine, with concomitant removal of CMP, leading to the production of unsaturated archaetidylserine [4]. Activity of the enzyme is stimulated by K+ [2].
Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, KEGG, Metacyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 204594-18-3
References:
1. Nishihara, M. and Koga, Y. sn-Glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum: key enzyme in biosynthesis of the enantiomeric glycerophosphate backbone of ether phospholipids of archaebacteria. J. Biochem. 117 (1995) 933-935. [PMID: 8586635]
2. Nishihara, M. and Koga, Y. Purification and properties of sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum: characterization of the biosynthetic enzyme for the enantiomeric glycerophosphate backbone of ether polar lipids of Archaea. J. Biochem. 122 (1997) 572-576. [PMID: 9348086]
3. Koga, Y., Kyuragi, T., Nishihara, M. and Sone, N. Did archaeal and bacterial cells arise independently from noncellular precursors? A hypothesis stating that the advent of membrane phospholipid with enantiomeric glycerophosphate backbones caused the separation of the two lines of descent. J. Mol. Evol. 46 (1998) 54-63. [PMID: 9419225]
4. Morii, H., Nishihara, M. and Koga, Y. CTP:2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate cytidyltransferase in the methanogenic archaeon Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 36568-36574. [PMID: 10960477]
5. Han, J.S. and Ishikawa, K. Active site of Zn2+-dependent sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Aeropyrum pernix K1. Archaea 1 (2005) 311-317. [PMID: 15876564]